Asia:
China

Due
diligence systems established in the UK - the leading importer - should
be a benchmark for due diligence systems across the EU.
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India

Dominated by wooden furniture and paper,
imported mainly into Germany and the UK.
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Indonesia

Almost
all Indonesian pulp (and most paper) derives from tropical hardwood
and/or Acacia mangium. Indonesia seems to be the world's leading
producer of pulp from those species - which are said to be easily
detectable in pulp and paper.
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Japan

Predominantly
paper imported into the Netherlands. Perhaps based on Indonesian pulp.
One major Japanese paper group has publically admitted presenting
inaccurate information about the content of the paper which it supplies.
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Malaysia

Because
the UK and the Netherlands account for most imports, their due diligence
systems should be benchmarks for due diligence systems across the
EU. Supplied mainly from Peninsular Malaysia (implicitly from MTCS-certified
forest, but typically without chain of custody). Much wooden furniture
derives wholly from (uncertified) rubberwood.
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South
Korea

Predominantly
paper imported into Italy. Perhaps based on Indonesian pulp.
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Thailand

Predominantly
wooden furniture imported into the UK (mostly rubberwood, also other
plantation species) and paper imported into Belgium and France.
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Vietnam

Predominantly
wooden furniture imported into the UK, based on imported wood raw
material (some of which is FSC-certified).
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Congo
Basin:
Cameroon

Predominantly
sawn wood. Very small number of veneer and plywood mills. Exports
of logs of some species banned. Includes products deriving from trees
grown in Central African Republic and the Republic of Congo (Brazzaville).
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Central
African Republic

Excludes
logs and sawn wood reported as imports from Cameroon.
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Republic
of Congo (Brazzaville)

Excludes
logs and sawn wood reported as imports from Cameroon. Excludes products
reported as imports from Democratic Republic of Congo. Chips supplied
from one plantation.
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Democratic
Republic of Congo

Includes
products (particularly chips) reported as imports from Republic of
Congo.
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Equatorial
Guinea

Predominantly
veneer. Exports of logs prohibited since 2008.
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Gabon

Imported
mainly by France and Italy. Exports of logs prohibited since early
2010.
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Other
Sub-Saharan Africa:
Ghana

Primarily
sawn wood. Export of logs prohibited other than from plantations.
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Ivory
Coast

Mainly
Italy. Primarily sawn wood and veneer. Export of logs prohibited other
than from plantations.
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Liberia

Predominantly
chips of rubberwood.
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South
Africa

Predominantly
pulp and paper.
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South
America:
Argentina

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Brazil

Dominated
by pulp - predominantly of eucalyptus supplied by a handful of large
enterprises.
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Chile

Dominated
by pulp - predominantly of radiata pine and eucalyptus. Very few major
suppliers.
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Uruguay

Predominantly
wood chips (of eucalyptus). Very few major suppliers.
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Other
South America

Imports
by the Netherlands of miscellaneous products from Bolivia and railway
sleepers from Guyana account for most of the "other timber". Venezuela
supplied the great majority of the wood chips.
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East
Europe:
Belarus

Primarily
logs imported by Poland.
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Bosnia-Herzegovina

Almost
all imported by Austria, Germany, Italy and Slovenia.
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Croatia

Dominated
by Italy and Slovenia.
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Russia

Logs
and chips imported mainly by Finland.
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Serbia

Miscellaneous
products
(HS code 44219098))
primarily comprise "other timber".
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Turkey

Mainly
paper - as is the case with a number of other countries in the Middle
East and North Africa.
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Ukraine

Mainly
logs and sawn wood.
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Other
East Europe

Mainly
sawn wood, paper and wooden furniture imported by Italy. Supplied
mainly by Albania, Macedonia, Moldova and Montenegro.
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Other
countries:
Australia

Wood
pellets account for the Netherlands' imports).
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Canada

Predominantly
pulp, paper and, increasingly, wood pellets.
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New
Zealand

Small
quantities. Predominantly sawn wood and wood pellets.
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Norway

Imports
dominated by Sweden particularly in the timber sector.
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Switzerland

Predominantly
paper, imported mainly by Germany.
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USA

Predominantly
pulp and paper (and, increasingly, wood pellets).
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